超長い引用前半
"...There are psychological mechanisms by which backfire effects could potentially occur, but the evidence on this topic is mixed, and backfire effects are very rare in practice.[7][8][9] A 2020 review of the scientific literature on backfire effects found that there have been widespread failures to replicate their existence, even under conditions that would be theoretically favorable to observing them.[8] "(文字数足りないので続く)
超長い引用後半
(つづき)"Due to the lack of reproducibility, as of 2020 most researchers believe that backfire effects are either unlikely to occur on the broader population level, or they only occur in very specific circumstances, or they do not exist.[8] ..."
[8]
Searching for the Backfire Effect: Measurement and Design Considerations - PMC
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7462781/